navtuts

Character

A character is any single key on the keyboard.

Examples of characters:

• Numbers: 0 to 9
• Small letters: a to z
• Capital letters: A to Z
• White spaces: space, tab
• Special symbols: @, #, $, %, &, etc.

Each single symbol is one character.

---

String

A string is a collection of one or more characters.

Examples of strings:

• '5'
• "5hello"
• "naveen"
• '909090'
• 'hello'

Anything written inside single quotes (' ') or double quotes (" ") is a string.

---

Variable

A variable is like a container used to store data.

Real-life Example

Think of a glass as a variable.

The same glass can store:

• Juice
• Lassi
• Soft drink
• Water
• Can be used as a small dustbin

Similarly, a variable can store different types of data.

In programming:

• Variables store values
• Values can be numbers, text, or other data

---

Function

A function is used to perform a specific task.

We call a function when we want that task to be done.

Real-life Example

Think of a juicer as a function.

• Fruits or vegetables → arguments (input)
• Juicer processes them
• Juice → return value (output)

In programming:

• We pass input to a function
• The function processes it
• The function gives output

---

Simple Summary

• Character → Single keyboard symbol
• String → Group of characters
• Variable → Container to store data
• Function → Performs a specific task